Bacteria and Acidic End Products Free Essays

Title of the Experiment: Enterobacteriaceae Identification: The Enterotube II System Learning Objectives: After completing this exercise we were able to inoculate an unknown bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae by using technology effectively with a Enterotube II. An Enterotube II is a miniaturized multi-test system for rapid identification of enterbacteriaceae. We then evaluated the test results and generated a five-digit code for the unknown bacterium. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteria and Acidic End Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thinking creatively and critically we had to fgure out the code by looking at the Enterotube and comparing he reactants to the original to see what the result was. We then had to use the five- digit code to correctly identify the unknown bacterium from the interpretation guide. Procedure: Step 1 : Remove organisms from a well-isolated colony. Avoid touching the agar with the wire. Step 2: Inoculate each compartment by first twisting the wire and then withdrawing it all the way out through the 12 compartments using a turning movement. Step 3: Reinsert the wire (without sterilizing), using a turning motion through all the 12 compartments until the notch on the wire is aligned with the opening of the tube. Step 4: Break the wire at the notch by bending. The portion of the wire remaining in the tube maintains anaerobic conditions essential for true fermentation. Step 5: Punch holes with broken-off part wire through the thin plastic covering over depressions on sides of the last eight compartments. Replace caps and incubate at 35 degrees C for 18-24 hours. Step 6: After encircling the numbers of the positive tests on the laboratory report, total up the numbers of each bracketed series to determine the five-digit code number. Refer to the Enterotube II Interpretation Guide for identification of the unknown by using the code number Results: Before inoculation of the Enterotube II showing the original colors of each test which was also used to compare with the inoculated enterotube. After the inoculation of the Enterotube, many of the colors have changed which means they have reacted with the antibiotic. The reactants then helped me find out what the unkown bacterium is. Each color changed or reacted gives a certain digit Summary Conclusions: Enterotube II identifies Enterobacteriaceae. The Enterotube II is a multiple test system designed to identify enteric bacteria based on Glucose, Adonitol, Lactose, Arabinose, Sorbitol, Dulcitol fermentation, lysine and Decarboxylation, Sulfur reduction, Indole, Acetoin production of glucose fermentation, Phenylalanine deamination, Urea hydrolysis, and Citrate utilization. Adonitol Bacterial fermentation of adonitol, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color of the indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be inter preted as a positive reaction, orange should be considered negative. Lactose Bacterial fermentation of lactose, which results in the formation of acidic end roducts, is indicated by a change in color of the Indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Arabinose Bacterial fermentation of arabinose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Sorbitol Bacterial fermentation of sorbitol, which results in the formation of acidic nd products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Voges-Proskauer Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) is an inter mediate in the production of butylene glycol from glucose fer mentation. The presence of acetoin is indicated by the develop ment of a red color within 20 minutes. Most positive reactions are evident within 10 minutes. Phenylalanine Deaminase This test detects the formation of pyruvic acid from the deamination of phenylalanine. The pyruvic acid formed reacts with a ferric salt in the medium to roduce a characteristic black to smoky gray color. Urea The production of urease by some bacteria hydrolyzes urea in this medium to produce ammonia, which causes a shift in pH from yellow (acidic) to reddish-purple (alkaline). This test is strongly positive for Proteus in 6 hours and weakly positive for Klebsiella and some Enterobaeter species in 24 hours. Citrate Organisms that are able to utilize the citrate in this medium as their sole source of carbon produce alkaline metabo lites that change the color of the indicator from green (acidic) to deep blue (alkaline). Any degree of blue should be considered positive. After looking at the results of the Enterotube I came to conclusion that my unkown bacteria gave me the five-digit code 34363 which translated to Klebsiella pneumonia bacterium that can form a capsule. It is found in the normal flora of GI tracts in humans. K. pneumoniae can become pathogenic in patients whose immune systems are compromised. K. pneumoniae can cause nosocomial urinary tract infections and pneumonia. In immunocompromised patients, death is possible. For a personto get the K. pneumoniae bacteria, they have to have direct contact with another person. K. pneumoniae is not able to be contacted through the air. Healthcare workers can help to decrease the spread of K. pneumoniae by washing their hands before and after taking care of a patient. It was established that the Enterotube system provides a simple, reliable, and rapid method for the probable identification of Enterobacteriaceae. The major advantage of the Enterotube is that all tests are done simultaneously by inoculation from a single isolated colony. It is also easier to inoculate, single inoculation, self- contained, numerous tests, little media preparation, rapid results, reliability, uniformity, simple interpretation. How to cite Bacteria and Acidic End Products, Papers

My chosen topic is women and film Essay Example For Students

My chosen topic is women and film Essay From the one on one interviews, with a male and a female, I found out there was a clear differentiation between what my participants expected from male directed films and female directed films. Male directed films were expected to be better constructed, epic stories with real life significance and depth. When asked why this was, the 40 year old male answered On awards shows, men are always shown making the films that win the best picture awards such as Beautiful Mind or Gladiator. Women directors seem to like making predictable films with romantic storylines. Both male and female were surprised to learn many action movies were directed by women, e. g. Deep Impact by Mimi Leder. In an interview with Parkinson, Meg Ryan talked about her experiences on the set of her new film In the Cut. She describes working with Campion vividly, I wasnt ready for Jane Campion, the director. Jane is a very strong minded and uncompromising artist who has a profound interest in investigation. Meg Ryan has worked with many famous directors, and the respect she gives to Jane Campion shows that she is just as good as any of them. As women directors are still rare, their gender is frequently used as a marketing tool in the selling of their films. I found even when the female director in question is not working with stereotypically feminine material (Jane campions In the Cut and Kathryn Bigelows strange days), there is often a temptation to search for feminist meanings within the context and attribute them to the directors gender. This leads to the question of whether a female directed film can ever be considered mainstream. Leslie Felperin states most women want to be known as filmmakers first, women filmmakers second or none at all. They want the opportunity to do the work and have their work valued in the same way as a mans work of equal quality. According to Linda serger (When women call the shots), Women generally dont want power in the traditional way, such as wanting power over others but that doesnt mean they dont want to be in leadership positions. In a Stephen Applebaum interview with Jane Campion on www. bbc. co. uk, when talking about tough being a woman director is, she replied Women today are dealing with both their independence and also the fact that their lives are built around finding and satisfying the romantic models we grew up with. Her personal views on women directors are To deny female directors, as I suspect is happening in the States, is to deny feminine vision. With women directors earning $0. 74 to every male $1, there is not equality yet, however progress is being made. To address the problem of under representation of woman in the industry, a new mentoring scheme Directing Change was set up. This scheme allows two woman directors a year to work alongside an internationally recognised feature film director during a major production with Jane Campion and many other famous names signing up to be mentors. Although before change can take place, stereotypes about roles and status in the industry have to change, it is hoped that this is a step into recognising the work of aspiring women directors. Overall I find that even though the treatment of women directors is improving, being considered equal to their male counterparts is a long way from being achieved. Gender will always be an obstacle for women everywhere but a number of those are jumping the hurdle, such as Jane Campion are increasing everywhere. In the end, one should not forget that my research was only the start. My sample was very small, the sampling procedure very small, thus generalisations would be unreasonable to make. None the less the research can be claimed valid since I tried to be objective, collected both quantitative and qualitative data and was able to compare my research to existing theories and evidence.

Operations Management and Supply Chains

Supply Chain Management is the conscious and active control of the activities of supply chain in order to gain a competitive advantage as well as capitalize on customer satisfaction (Jespersen Larsen 2005, p. 40). It is a strategic concept that maximizes on coordinated decisions about where and how to store inventory, where to buy the material and the mode of distributions (Advameg 2010, par. 1-3 ).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management and Supply Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The move aims at making the business operate in a cost effective and satisfy the customers on time. The concept also aims at representing the collective effort of all the businesses that produce the products and services to the consumer (The Aspen institute 2008, par. 1-3). The supply chain businesses consciously work towards developing and sustaining the chains in efficient and cost effective ways. Supply chain a ctivities involve product development, production, the sourcing of materials and managing logistics. Physical flows that connect the supply chains include the movement, transformation of the goods and materials and their storage (Caspari Caspari 2004, p. 262). Hand in hand with this are the information flows that enable the businesses to control every day’s flow of materials and goods, and coordinate long-term plans. There is also a constant flow of money among the suppliers, manufacturers then wholesalers, and to retailers as well as to end users Dean says supply chain management is becoming a major concern to both medium and large companies (1). This is due to the need of satisfying customers and offer best quality in market. With the connection, the supply chain management becomes a supply network or web for the businesses because of the existing interaction among the companies (Li et al. 2004, pp. 107-113). More so is the improvement of relation between distributors and suppliers. Instead of operating as adversaries, they operate in cohesion in order to perform effectively (Dean 2002, pp. 1-4). A research conducted by management consulting company of A.T Kearney indicates that supply chain management reduces the costs of operation and production. The study established that the profits generated in chain supply can multiply into billions if slight improvements on operation of the supply are made (Mentzer 2001, pp. 61-70 ).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When divided among the connected companies, the research shows that the chains save more than 80% of expenses incurred in a typical manufacturing company. More so, the research shows that leading companies in supply chain gain up to 3-7% of total revenues compared to the medium businesses in the same industries (Dean 2002, pp. 1-4). According to John Gossman, competition must not be between companies but among chains. Dean says that success does not spring from one transaction, rather the competition between the companies determines the profits that the business gains. The broadened management focuses on controlling production and logistics (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas 2005, par. 3-5). For a company to be a leading supply chain, Mckinsey and Company says that it must strive towards aligning their supply chain concepts with the strategy of the corporate. A case study on the supply chain management of Wal- Mart, a leading world’s retail operator, indicates that all the colleagues, from the casual employees to managers in the supply chain understand the strategies and aspirations of the supply chain. The study also shows that the company actively controls the complexity of the product and service. The company has created multiple supply chains in order to gain a competitive advantage within the network (McKinsey n.d., pp. 7- 10) The company has a top- down visio n that checks on their main supply network. They ensure that there exists a balance between productivity, flexibility and initiatives to deliver the most demanded services without additional risks and costs. The company also utilizes excellent strategies such as using the most robust techniques and other technological advancements to ensure execution of supply chain plans. Wal- Mart focuses on reducing costs by minimizing labor among all its distribution outlets. The company’s strategy is to maximize on a sizeable and scaled that compels suppliers to streamline operations as much as possible through unit packaging (McKinsey n.d., pp. 7- 10). Amazon is the other leading company that capitalizes on having every warehouse is flexible in order to accommodate products of different shapes and sizes hence meeting diverse customers need. This strategy also works towards elimination of additional costs. The company also utilizes on new skills and talents to the fullest (Kale 2004, pp. 503- 504).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management and Supply Chains specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Advameg 2010, Reference for business. Web. Caspari, P. Caspari, J. 2004, Management dynamics, John Wiley and sons, New York. Dean, E. 2002, The perceived impact of supply chain management on organizational effectiveness. Web. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas 2005, Supply chain management: the science of better, faster, cheaper. Web. Jespersen, B. Larsen, T. 2005, Supply chain management-in theory and practice, 1st edn, Copenhagen business school press DK, Copenhagen. Kale, S. 2004, Global competitiveness: Role of supply chain management.  Web. Li, S., Nathan, B., Nathan, Ragu T. Rao S. 2004, ‘The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance,’ Omega vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 107-124.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McKinsey Company, The race for supply chain advantage: six practices that drive supply chain performance. Web. Mentzer, J. 2001, Supply chain management, 2nd edn, SAGE, California. The Aspen institute 2008, Supply chain management. Web. This essay on Operations Management and Supply Chains was written and submitted by user Paloma Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Operations Management and Supply Chains

Notes from the underground essays

Notes from the underground essays The UM starts out talking about the office he worked in when he was twenty-four: apparently he hated everyone there and likewise, they hated him. The narrative then derails while the UM describes the Russian national character, which he believes eliminates fools and elevates Romantics who appreciate the "sublime and beautiful." Returning to his description of his life, he notes that he had no friends and was always alone, spending most of his time reading. He admits to satisfying his private desires in various "dens of vice." The UM then describes an incident in a bar one night in which an army officer moved him away from a billiard table as though he were a piece of furniture. He said nothing to the man, but fostered deep seething resentment for this insult. He would run in to this same officer in the street, and try to stare him down, but would always end up stepping out of the way for him (the officer never recognized him). He writes the officer a long letter listing his grievances, but does not send it. Instead he decid es to meet the officer in the street and bump against him instead of stepping aside. The event, when it happens, is anticlimactic: he and the officer bump shoulders, and the officer continues on his way, seeming not to have noticed. The officer is late r transferred, and the UM never sees him again. The UM then describes how he would spend most of his time either depressed or dreaming of grand lives for himself, all of which involve becoming an important charitable man, beloved by all. He remains caught between two extremesa hero or a hermitwith no middle ground between the two. Sometimes, the UM immersed himself so deeply in the "sublime and beautiful" that he would be filled with a great love for mankind, and a deep desire to see others. On these days, he would generally go to visit his supervisor, with whom he was friendly, a lthough the visits were always disastroushe would feel nervous and un...

LSEP(legal, social, ethical and professional) issues associated with Essay

LSEP(legal, social, ethical and professional) issues associated with the introduction or increased use of cloud computing services - Essay Example Systems in the company are predominantly legacy-based and operate in silos. Each of the legacy systems is responsible for various parts of the business’s operations. Some of them take care of the inventory, while others focus on shipping. Alternatively, other systems handle terminals while, others work on sales data. A lot of this data is not transformed into useful information, and most times, employees feel overwhelmed by the speed, volume and even variability of the data as it is always changing. The company feels that it currently has too many servers in each of its stores, as most of them are not run in remote server farms. Cloud computing is only used for periphery services at this fashion retailer because employees have a relatively good understanding of browser-based software, but the infrastructure required to make the transition has not been installed. Sometimes, employees will use Dropbox to manage and send files, but this is often not powered by the organisation. The company also thinks of cloud computing as a means of storing its information rather than an opportunity to expand its possibilities. Whenever there is a power blackout or some form of data disaster, the company is assured of accessing its data safely through any internet connection. This acts as a form of disaster relief for the company as it makes it immune from physical attacks on its information (Balagopalan, 2010). There are a number of reasons and limitations that have presented Magneta from fully utilising cloud computing to manage its information. First, the company is concerned about the issue of security and compliance with information security standards. The retailer has a lot of sensitive information including client credit card information or their payment history. If a cloud provider does not comply with the same standards as the retailer, then it is difficult to secure transactions. Magneta is afraid of putting all their trust in an application that they have minimal

Law of Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Tort - Assignment Example Under the legal contour, foresee connotes the magnitude upon which something can be known well in advance. One cannot be held accountable for an injury happened due to one’s demeanour under the negligence in tort unless the risk of that harm was perceptible or foreseeable. In tort, under negligence, the foreseeability is established by a looking into whether the risk of harm is known to the perpetrator through constructive knowledge well in advance. Foreseeability is looked into on what the perpetrator knew or by reasonable assessment of the scenario. In determining what the standard of care owes by the perpetrator, foreseeability plays a significant role. A person will be held accountable for negligence under tort only if he is able to foresee on happening of an event well before . The origin of duty of care can be said to be derived from the case law Donoghue v Stevenson where the claimant was ill after drinking some of the ginger beer where the remains of a dead snail were noticed .In this land mark case, the manufacture was held liable as he owed a duty of care to the claimants by the House of Lords. In this case, Lord Atkin advanced the â€Å"neighbour principle† that one should take adequate care to prevent omissions or acts which one can rationally foresee would likely to injure his neighbour . 2. In Macpherson v Buick Motor Co3, a duty of reasonable care is reposed on all foreseeable consumers of a product and not limited to those in privity of contract whenever it can be foreseeable that damage will result if the product is faulty. For instance, if a washing machine manufacturer supplies a defective product and if A buys the same and sustains harm, then A is definitely a foreseeable consumer for defective washing machine manufacturer. Hence, unde r Macpherson, the manufacturer owes a duty of reasonable care to A under tort law4. It is to be noted that in Smith New Court Securities v Citibank5 , for the recoverable damage, the test for foreseeability was extended whereas it was not extended in an action in deceit, which is another tort of negligence6. In a negligent action, to establish the element of duty, it is essential to prove that the defendant owed an obligation to the plaintiff who suffered harm. Thus, the duty of care by the defendant should be owed not only to the plaintiff but also will include the others within a certain magnitude along with the plaintiff due to the actions of the plaintiff. Under the zone of danger concept, there is a duty on the defendant that he should reasonably foresee or expect his actions to impact. Thus, if an injury has happened beyond the zone of danger and no negligence can be shown, then the defendant owes no duty to others. For the weird chain-reaction or remote incidents, there can b e no recovery for injuries from the defendant7. If the defendant demeanour proximately created harm to the plaintiff, then the occurrence shall be held to be non-remote, and if it is not, then, it is said to be happened remote. Under the world-at-large concept, defendant is needed to foresee more remote chances of harm to individuals not in the adjacent area and of harms not as willingly predictable to happen from his demeanour. Under this concept, the defendant is anticipated to recognise all individuals in the adjacent a

Art Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Art Appreciation - Essay Example This will also include regard granted to prominent artists and illustrate their contribution in the field (Beigel 3). Self portrait as part of art work bears a perfectly self-explanatory title by just looking at the structure which depicts its name (Beigel 3). The portrait on discussion and which will be appreciated is an excellent art work with a picture of Piper (Beigel 3). In the portrait, Piper is drawn with the artist revealing her noise being broader, lips fuller than they are in reality (Beigel 3). The portrait of Piper also demonstrates a voluminous luxuriant afro hair similar to the actual hair cover of Piper (Beigel 3). On the same portrait, there is minimal showoff attack on the racial stereotyping (Beigel 5). This is to despite the ironic theme of the drawing. The portrait cannot be treated as just a mere plain work of art but as a tool for searching responses to racism (Beigel 5). In appreciation, the portrait also reveals the sense of emotional works which is directly revealed on the female face. To begin with, the title of the art is self explanatory relating to what the name exactly says. The facial presentation of the drawing shows a direct gazing which seems to be symbolic of how her art confronts society in everyday life (Beigel 5). Piper is the only figure the artwork. The entire portrait only reveals the face, hair up to the shoulders. The portrait posture faces the viewer as the body is grounded at the surface of the portrait (Beigel 8). With her face rough and massive, there is no addition distinct expression on the face of the drawing (Beigel 8). In addition to this, the use of the lines on the drawing is exposed of being heavy, dark and thick. The contours are designed to openly reveal the face to be a woman due to its shape and features added (Beigel 8). Moreover, the texture displayed in the portrait by the artist is totally uneven